Lenin had a greater impact on Russia’s economy and society...

Lenin had a greater impact on Russia’s economy and society than any other Ruler. How far do you agree with this view of the period from 1855 to 1964? Over the period from 1855 to 1964, Russia saw various reforms and policies under the Tsars and the Communist leaders that had great impacts on its economy and society both positive and negative. Lenin definitely implanted polices that changed society and the economy for example with war communism. However whether his policies had the greatest impact is debatable and in this essay I will be assessing the view whether Lenin had the greatest impact on Russia’s economy and society than any other ruler between the period from 1855-1964. The Russia economy in terms of industry fluctuated over†¦show more content†¦These effects however were more severe under Lenin and Stalin as they sought to increase grain production by coercion. While Lenin under War communism used grain requisitioning to forcefully collect peasant surpluses from them Stalin used collectivisation to force peasants to collaborate to produce as much food as possible. Similarly in both cases the peasants refused to conform; knowing that any surplus would be confiscated the peasant produced the barest minimum to feed themselves and their family and even less food was available for Russia. One of the greatest impacts were the famines that occurred in 1921 under Lenin where the grain harvest produced less than half the amount gathered in 1931 and Russia had international help from countries such as the USA. However these impacts were the greatest under Stalin. The amount of bread produced fell from 250.4 (kilograms per head) in 1928 to 214.6 in 1932. The impacts of collectivisation were at its worst in 1932-32 when occurred what many people describe as a self-made national famine. Stalin’s ‘’official silence’’ of the situation meant it wasn’t addressed and thus collectivisation killed between 10-15 million peasants and failed to increase agricultural output. Though a similar devastating famine occurred under

Napoleons Maxims Saisir Le Moment - 1290 Words

Saisir Le Moment Napoleon can contribute much of his military success to his Military Maxims. These Military strategies essentially were a set of ideas implemented by Napoleon to pursue desired strategic goals. Napoleon’s Maxims deal with the planning and conduct of campaigns, the movement and moral of troops, and the deception of the enemy. Although Napoleon lists 115 Maxims, three stand out above all others in directly attributing to Napoleon’s victories against such overwhelming opposing forces. These three Maxims coincided with each other, maximizing Napoleon’s army’s effectiveness. The three Maxims were the fifty-seventh, sixtieth and ninetieth; together the Maxims were the driving force behind the success in the military campaign†¦show more content†¦In war there is but one favorable moment; the great art to seize it†. Although, Maxim ninety-five seems as though it is in direct contradiction to his other Maxims and military ideas. One can see on closer analysis of this Maxim that Napoleon very much lived by this idea. Napoleon spent countless hours reviewing intelligence and developing battle strategies, however he understood that war was a giant game of chance. Even the best laid plans can prove disastrous, but it is those who can capitalize and recover from unforeseen events that will be successful. Napoleon showed repeatedly he contained this very quality. A clear example of this would be The Ulm Campaign. Napoleon would predict the movement of enemy forces wrong. â€Å"A mistake that could have cost him dearly,† according, to Connelly. Napoleon left his entire rear exposed to General Karl Mack of Austria. Mack was unable to seize the opportunity and take advantage of his opponent’s mistake. However, Napoleon realizing his mistake corrected his positioning and was once again victorious. Napoleon was able to be victorious at the Battle of Ulm largely in part to Maxim ninety-five. Mack’s in ability to seize the moment and Napoleons ability to recognize his grave mistake and correct his error was the decisive factor in the battle. Napoleon had many Maxims that were considered vital to the success of his military campaigns, none more so than Maxims

Fyne Piece of Marketing Case Study Free Essays

CASE STUDY 1. 1 A ‘FYNE’ PIECE OF MARKETING As the strode purposefully into the board room to make his presentation to the firm’s monthly director’s meeting, Fred Fahr, General Manager of Fyna Foods Ltd, felt just great. His confidence was that of someone who knows he has faced a problem and come up with the right answers. We will write a custom essay sample on Fyne Piece of Marketing Case Study or any similar topic only for you Order Now ‘Ladies and gentlemen,’ he began, ‘as you are aware, two months ago we were given the opportunity to supply the Beefies Hamburger Chain with their new Supa-Long French fries. At the time, we all agreed this was great potential business for Fyna Foods, but that it also posed a major problem for us – what to do with the excess potato left over after we supply Beefies with the extra-length fries. Unfortunately, we still haven’t been able to come up with a perfectly square potato! To dump this excess material would mean almost certainly making a loss on the Supa-Long Fires business. I am very pleased to be able to report to you today; however, that my team has come up with what we feel is a pretty fine solution. Fred deliberately paused as he sensed the increased air of anticipation around the table. Even old Thomas Fynaski, the firm’s octogenarian founder, seemed to rouse himself from his doze. ‘We found the answer by combining the excess potato material with other vegetables to create a breakfast burger,’ Fred went on. ‘I have to say the lab boys have done a really good job and created a product that Fyna Foods can be proud of. My family doesn’t usually eat hot breakfasts, but we all tried some the other morning and agreed they were really quite nice. Once we had the product developed I gave it to our marketing people and they’ve decided to call it â€Å"Bubble and Squeak† – it’s what we used to call leftovers back in the 1960s. I am sure we all remember when we were kids,’ he joked, ‘how good leftovers used to taste the next morning. We’ve decided to advertise it as â€Å"The delicious breakfast alternative to bacon and eggs†. ’ ‘What about the factor? ’ one of the director asked. ‘This product doesn’t look like anything we produce at moment. ‘Well, you know how our Production Department’s managers are,’ replied Fred. ‘If the factory had its way, we’d never produce anything that wasn’t quick and cheap to run through the machines. Anyway, we have agreed to pack the new line in boxes of 24 burgers, which nicely fits our packaging machinery. The factory were pleased with that. ’ ‘How do the num bers stack up, Fred? ’ asked Daphne Green, the Finance Director. ‘Pretty good, actually,’ Fred replied as he flicked up a chart. See, we start with the excess potato tonnage from the Supa-Long contract. That’s equivalent to sales about 400,000 packs of Bubble and Squeak in the first year. We think the Supa-Long contract is going to grow at about 10 percent per annum, so we also need to budget to increase Bubble and Squeak’s sales by that amount each year. We do have a bit of problem with price, which I’m still working on. The Sales Department is concerned it won’t be able to move these volumes of product at the price the accountants have given us. I’m not too worried about that, though, because the product development people, in their normal way, have produced a super premium quality product in the test kitchen – a bit too good, really, for the market we’re aiming at. I’m confident that we can play around with some of the ingredients and quantities and get the product costs down to a level that Sales can live with. ‘We’ve got a few rough edges to smooth off,’ concluded Fred. ‘But, overall I think we’ve come up with an excellent solution that lets us take on the Supa-Long contract and gives us a great new product for Fyna Foods. There was a general murmur of approval around the table. As it subsided, however, Fred noticed that Bill Wyse, the recently retired Marketing Director of a large transnational food business had his hand raised waiting to catch the chairman’s eye. As silence returned to the room he spoke for the first time during the meeting. ‘Well , Fred,’ he said quietly. ‘You’ve obviously put a lot of work into this. I can tell you feel you’ve done a great job. But in my humble opinion, you don’t seem to appreciate what marketing is all about. ’ Questions 1. Collect three descriptions of marketing, one from a text, one from a marketing practitioner, and one form someone who does not work in the marketing fied. Which perception seems the closes to Fyna Foods team’s activities on the Bubble and Squeak project? Justify your choice. 2. From the perspective of Bill Wyse, what differences are there between the production stage, the selling stage and the marketing stage of marketing management evolution? 3. In what areas might a food manufacturing company such as Fyna Foods be subject to societal criticisms? How to cite Fyne Piece of Marketing Case Study, Free Case study samples

Compensation Data Analysis Strategies and Limitations

Question: Discuss about the Compensation Data Analysis Strategies and Limitations. Answer: Introduction The discussion in this paper uses numerous management law ideas to examine the case of fire outbreak that occurred because of negligence. The chief matter addressed in this paper regards the application of class action lawsuit into the scenario. It is apparent from the case that negligence caused the outbreak of fire. The valley Span power line located at the Kilmore East broke resulted into an enormous fire thereby burning individuals as well as assets as it spread (Edlich et al. 2015). The weather pattern along with the atmospheric conditions facilitated the spread. The outbreak culminated into enormous damage thereby resulting into inferno whereby one-hundred and nineteen individual died, more than 1000 individuals were got serious injuries while nearly 1770 homes were demolished. Innumerable assets were scratched and the general public agonized (Foley et al. 2014). The foremost impression of this work upon reviewing the above case rotates around the claims against the firm that installed the power. Because the casualties from this fire were generally several claimants of the same action. They levelled claims on the proprietor of the firm (AusNet Company) also referred to as SPI electricity Pty Ltd in the aforementioned case. Afterward the certification of class action, the claimants were remunerated as per the court orders (Gande and Lewis 2009). The subsequent subsections will, consequently, critically analyse the foremost perceptions and countless viewpoints of the above mentioned case with reference to the class action. Class Action and Relevance The above phrase is utilized in court associated contexts whereby several individuals have the similar claim in a given court (Liang 2009). It is, consequently, a kind of a claim that is filed on behalf of a collection of individuals or a class of individuals. This class of individuals embodied by a class of action continuously have a comparable legal claim. The action is continually characterised by a cluster of innumerable complainants whose designations appear on the manuscript of legal fillings. This small assemblage of individuals whose names appear in face of legal charge file act on the behalf a greater cluster of individuals with the identical claim (Hensler 2011). The clutch signified by the rare claimants is permanently huge constituted of several applicants which erstwhile varies from 1000s of individuals with the identical claim. In record of the junctures these accusers are not being identified but solitary the limited number individuals on behalf of them are continuously get acknowledged (Liao and Chiang 2015). Conversely, regardless of not being identified on the claim filling file they are recognised by the benefit of shared and lawful complaint with the few named litigants. In the case of the above fire for instance, that is claimed to be as a culpability of underprivileged engineering scheming, several individuals agonized loss of possessions (Mahfouz, Davlyatov and Kandil 2016). In this scenario, insufficient individuals whose assets have been dented can signify several individuals who have the similar moan. It is, thus, a compulsory for the filed case to go through the hands of a magistrate beforehand being legitimate. The filed prerogative or a class of action has an obligation to be substantiated by the magistrate through a certification process (Morgan 2015). The complainants whose names are not appearing in the face of file document covering claims are permissible to either embody themselves at the law courts or they are at liberty not appear in courts totally (Okoli. Watt and Weller 2016). Notification is continuously being referred to the unidentified complainants afterwards the certification of the class by a magistrate (Pour and Sharafatpeima 2016). The notification delivered to the complainants is constantly destined to provide the anonymous petitioners a chance to choose to be out of class. The minute an individual or an assembly of individuals elect to opt out of the class, they are subsequently observed as outsiders of the class. Furthermore, the associates who opt out of this class continually have their rights unharmed and cannot be influenced in any way by the class action trial. This kind of chance conserves the privileges of the outsiders of the class in accordance with the law connecting to the class action. The concluding resolve by the magistrate in this case where certain litigants opt out do not upset the precise litigants who have deserted from class. Consequently, ultimate judgement or rather ruling have no binding to persons who have retracted from the class whether the resolve is whichever by reimbursement or by ruling. Additionally, these litigants are likewise not qualified to retrieval which may be enforced to the litigants of the class. In conclusion, these individuals are allowable to make their private complaint distinctly to the law court to declare their entitlements (Rich 2013). Being a prototypical in the arena of law, the class action have got compensations and drawbacks to both the participants in a law court ensuing. On the respondents side, class action produces a technique in which petitioners can have assistance from minor permissible claims that might be too abundant expensive for individual respondent to sue. The class action likewise fallouts into parity amid high income commercial entities and the ordinary individuals. This materialises wherever a collection of individuals who are provided with opportunity by class action are able to intensify their competences to prosecute, negotiate to their unsurpassed interest and to close settle quarrels (Robinson 2015). The class action can likewise be detrimental to the complainants founded on the scope of the class. Despite the fact that a lager class has the benefit of bargain-basement and can stand counter to superior companies, it edges the selections and opportunities each associate can make on the lawsuit. In record instances, the unspecified individuals being embodied by the recognized plaintiffs have imperfect rheostat over the situation. The scarce complainants in lieu of the overall class can resolve to settle on a specified resolve which common of the unidentified complainants may have disagreed upon creating them not as much of imperative in defining the final judgment of the law court. To end, despite the class action grievance is imperative in assisting the minority in the public it, can solitary be practical in civil cases singly. Class Action Relevance A class of action remains a significant aspect that many engineers continually reflect beforehand concluding their planning. Such kind of claim permanently work unruffled with the Safe System of Work Plan in engineering to complements Safety Statement obligated underneath the Safety, Health and Welfare at Work Act, notwithstanding the fact that it does not replace the inevitability for this Safety Statement. The product in an instance whereby a class action is certified in contradiction of an engineering company specific guidelines on safety statements are available from the Health and Safety Authority and the penalties are always unadorned. This course, that is expressly appropriate to impermanent employees, self-reliantly hired individuals and reps, manages the finishing for various Construction. The class action because of the expensive consequence when prospered at all times aid engineers to finish a growth work action in a safeguarded approach to avoid upcoming claims in instance of a tragedy that may be due to negligence of engineers (Watson 2016). Finishing along with using the SSWP unruffled with the deliberation of the class action will similarly help engineers throughout a construction planning to accomplish a part of the legal obligations established on constructions by welfare as well as safety enactment set within the act. The indispensable goalmouth of minding the class of action in an engineering proposal is to discriminate the actual hazards connected with engineering work activities as well as to warranty that fitting joysticks are established beforehand work takes off. The SSWP achieves plentiful diverse goals, encompassing: Absorbed on comfort for an exact task. The class action is applied as position towards the commencement of each construction act, and can as well be examined when amongst the construction task. The class action is likewise employed in mounting mindfulness. It impulses the customers to reflect a scope of replacements to control the hazards. The customers will get at ease with the diverse joysticks available. Transmission by means of representations so that the significance can be understood by individuals who have virtually zero English. The safe system fashioned by the class of actions is significant and should be used as a most recent check as an assurance that the eminent controls for a specific expansion work action are available and healthy prearranged (Wahab 2015). Nevertheless, welfare starts certain time beforehand a specific expansion drive happens. Jeopardy distinctive evidence, opportunity appraisal, discarding along with control of documented perils must transpire over all stages of expansion from planning leg, through the plan procedure, the offering procedure and up to the development organization to ensure that every specific development accomplishment will have had safety control on beforehand beginning the task. Stakeholders to Claim Damage From the perspective of critical examination of the above case, several individuals agonised from the danger which was due to the negligence of AusNetElectricity Services Pty Ltd, formerly SPI Electricity Pty Ltd, and denoted to as SPI in the underlying. There remained a lot of damages to the individuals about the part where electric line covered. The individuals who should issue claim against AusNetElectricity Services Pty Ltd are, though, partial as the blowout of the fire was caused by the negligence of additional parties also thereby damage should be joint. Nevertheless, the individuals nearby the valley and nearer the locus where the damages happened must be remunerated by AusNetElectricity Services Pty Ltd. Several individuals residing nearby the Mount Disappointment, the Wallaby Creek, Humevale and Strathewen, St Andrews, Steels Creek, Dixons Creek, Yarra Glen along with Healesville part are lawfully endorsed to make claims. Such groups of individuals must lawfully make claims for their respective scorched houses, several individuals who lost their only breadwinners as well as agonised hospitalisation must make claims against this company (Van Gerven 2010). Countless business proprietors in the stated areas are also permitted to make claims for their fatalities because fire directly affected them which as a direct consequence of negligence of the business as compared to other regions that were affected as consequence of a 2nd and 3rd party negligence. Liability Attribution The principal foundation of ascription of the obligations that the complainants used to declare claims AusNetElectricity Services Pty Ltd, formerly SPI Electricity Pty Ltd was negligence by the review as well as maintenance of contractor. The snubbed party declared that SPI was inconsiderate when it altered its examination administration to the power lines, for example, the one that fizzled were currently inspected over a longer time compared to early stages where inspection eras were close and continues. The plaintiffs may as well anchor their augment that the peril was purely negligence by the contractor, in case the contractor might have been steering regular reviews and maintenance on such electric lines they might have never been such a tragedy subsequently they might have advised the individuals of around the line even beforehand substituting the line. This foundation might be appropriate despite the claimants may have struggle qualifying this type of a premise. In this case, the snubbed party may challenge the subject that the transfer to period the enquiry agreed with industry run-through and this electrical cable had been reviewed within twelve months forgoing the fire. Furthermore, when the respondent might argue on the basis of one year review then the negligence might be long-established. This validation must be declared that if AusNetElectricity Services Pty Ltd did review on the lines formerly they decently overlooked to swap the lines or undertake take any corrective action. The complainants likewise laid their adjudication based on the lines that a candid hazard was as avowal of sloppiness as well. They might validate their prerogative of negligence founded on the circuit breakers (Stein 2016). The petitioners have a strong base to substantiate the negligence of the business that circuit breakers should have been set to trip fire to avert the fire which demolished their assets resulting to damages and demises. They can as well claim on the basis of the fitting of a appropriate circuit breaker which would stop stream of the currents in any case of electric irregularity the circuit would be wrecked averting any fire break out (Uff 2015). This can be reinforced on the foundation that were it that the circuit breakers were functioning then the current movement might have been cut off initially before the problem. Nonetheless, being that the circuit breakers were not operational appropriately due to meagre maintenance, the circuits became abortive culminating in recharge in the defective electric lines. The complainants correspondingly claimed that the lines were moreover ancient and might have been substituted in case the repairs contractor was undertaking the work deprived of any negligence. This foundation can be vindicated that the AusNetElectricity Services Pty Ltd was excessively negligent to replace the electric lines which from numerous individuals who observed the fixing of the lines can be acceptable in sporadic instances does new electric lines break off giving room for such coincidences. They can proclaim that the fire might have been clogged or might have certainly not befallen in the first place if AusNetElectricity Services Pty Ltd substituted the electric lines in the valley. All these bases of claim profoundly depend on negligence along with carelessness of the corporation. The class actions have got restrictions associated with both the identified and the unidentified complainants as declared in the explanation of class action in the question one overhead. Afterwards certification of any specified class action, all the associate of the class who have not moved out could have boundaries as well as persons who walked out of the class beforehand certification of the class action by the arbiter in control of the case. In case of either settlement or judgement, complainants of the class or the complainants may or can be answerable for retrieval where they pay respondent as an alternative of being recompensed for the damages. The recovery in certain cases is limited to generate fairness. The restrictions throughout recompense is established by the magistrate relative to the rule of law. The certification of the claim is one way in which the claim can be limited. The certification of a class action justifies the reality and the true course of damage by the plaintiffs. The court certifies whether or not the case can be heard. This limits the claim as non-certified claims are eliminated in the process. It also limit the quantity of the claim as some litigants of the class always opt out from the class and never makes a case of their own reducing the number of individuals to be paid resulting into a lower litigation cost by the defendant. The court always ensures that the damages are directly linked to the actions of the defendant ensuring that only those who have suffered damages which are directly linked to the defendant actions are litigated. In the majority of the jurisdictions as witnessed, several courts have come up with various ways to limit liability where they make their judgement based on a number of specified factors. From the fire incidents individuals who have suffered permanent injuries, judgement is always specified regardless of how paining the damage may be and the judgements always max out. On the other hand recovery is limited to only the individuals of the class leaving out non-litigants of the class. The recovery which is decided by the court is always specified limiting the recovery cost that plaintiffs may pay. The recovery is consequently only applicable in very specific occasions which are defined by the reference categories. These special circumstance must be achieved for the recovery to be granted. The circumstances are defined by the category and which makes the law to be applied visible and predictable to both parties. For instance the recovery is only applicable in a situation where the claimant has got interest in the damaged property. These actions limits recovery in a legal liability in a class action. Several sets of procedures must be put in place to guarantee that there are restricted claims on negligence. Mentioning the ensuing cases Lebehn v. Mobil Oil Micronesia, Inc., 10 FSM Intrm. 348, 353 (Pon. 2001) and Fornier v. Petroleum Helicopters, Inc., 665 F. Supp. 483, 486 (E.D. La. 1987) the subsequent steps can be employed to diminish coverage to claim founded on negligence. The primary procedure is to create Imprecision: Standard of Conduct There are unquestionable apparatuses that are prerequisite to validate that a litigant acted imprecisely. There is a precise set of putative rules that all individuals are compulsory to take afterwards and there is an obligation of overall society to act with confidence, which cuts the risk of damage to others. Inattentiveness must be certain by an injured affronted party, whose welfares have actually been interfered with in real life. This portrays an affronted party has an obligation to prove his wounds, and prove that they were produced by the defendant. This proximate cause is the construction between the accused's doings and the affronted party's injuries (Casale 2014). There is a decree of limitations in inattentiveness cases, in any case, there are a few tenets, for instance, revelation and ensuing with carelessness, which might absolve an affronted party from the decree of impairments. Carelessness Proof The necessity for an inattentiveness case to be heard in an authorized courtroom is rudimentary and vibrant. Tort law, alike to whatsoever supplementary law, is stiff to calm down on as soon as an endorsement or transgression issue develops, and is additionally boring. In diligence lawsuits, a court selects a panel to settle down on a decision upon a lawsuit in light of the instantaneous or accompanying proof that is available to them (Bruner and O'Connor 2012). The burden of validation of an affronted party challenges for a condition, associates with four mechanisms of proof that are necessity with the goalmouth for them to have the capability to prove that a unconcerned demonstration occurred, as well as the way that the demonstration by a complainant, impelled the damage accomplished by the affronted party (Barrett 2016). It decries the designation provided to the instantaneous cause for an accident, or incident provoking harm that is alluded to as 'proximate'. The phrase proximate has for fairly some period been recognized to imply close, or in the area of, not unpretentious (Casale 2014). This offers a misunderstanding to the term, as yet the cause was around reversed to the actual one (Banerjee 2015). Dissimilar subjects arise further inside this cause, based on the degree of risk along with its gradation. Debates are available circumventing where duty ought to be stretched out to a defendant, in interpretation of their obligation or duty. References Banerjee, A., 2015. Vicarious Liability. Ethics and Social Responsibility. Barrett, B., 2016. Compensation for Work Related Injury or Disease: Do Injured Workers Starve to Death?. E-Journal of International and Comparative Labour Studies, 5(3). Bruner, P.L. and O'Connor, P.A.T.R.I.C.K., 2012. Construction Law. Casale, D., 2014. Joint Responsibility of Enterprise for the Health and Safety of Their Contractors' Workers: Recent Trends in Italian Law. Comp. Lab. L. Pol'y J., 36, p.131. Coffee Jr, J.C., 2012. Reforming the securities class action: An essay on deterrence and its implementation. Columbia Law Review, pp.1534-1586. Edlich, R., Hudson, M.A., Buschbacher, R.M., Winters, K.L., Britt, L.D., Cox, M.J., Becker, D.G., McLaughlin, J.K., Zomerschoe, T.S., Latimer, M.F. and Zura, R.D., 2015. Devastating injuries in healthcare workers: description of the crisis and legislative solution to the epidemic of back injury from patient lifting. Journal of long-term effects of medical implants, 15(2). Foley, M., Ruser, J., Shor, G., Shuford, H. and Sygnatur, E., 2014. Contingent workers: Workers' compensation data analysis strategies and limitations. American journal of industrial medicine, 57(7), pp.764-775. Gande, A. and Lewis, C.M., 2009. Shareholder-initiated class action lawsuits: Shareholder wealth effects and industry spillovers. Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 44(04), pp.823-850. Hensler, D.R., 2011. Revisiting the monster: New myths and realities of class action and other large scale litigation. Duke J. Comp. Int'l L., 11, p.179. Liang, B.A., 2009. Error in medicine: Legal impediments to US reform. Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law, 24(1), pp.27-58. Liao, C.W. and Chiang, T.L., 2015. The examination of workers compensation for occupational fatalities in the construction industry. Safety science, 72, pp.363-370. Mahfouz, T., Davlyatov, S. and Kandil, A., 2016. Analysis of Differing Site Condition (DSC) Litigation Reasoning Through Statistical Modeling. International Journal of Construction Education and Research, 12(4), pp.285-302. Morgan, J., 2015. Liability For Independent Contractors In Contract And Tort: Duties To Ensure That Care Is Taken. The Cambridge Law Journal, 74(01), pp.109-139. Okoli, J., Watt, J. and Weller, G., 2016. Managing complex fires in urban environments: a tale of two cultures. Part 12 Chapter Cooke Architect Engineers and the law on Professional Liability Pour, N.A. and Sharafatpeima, M., 2016. Civil Liability in Construction Contracts and Compensation Practices in Iranian Law with an Emphasis on British Law. J. Pol. L., 9, p.283. Rich, M., 2013. The Debate over Genetically Modified Crops in the United States: Reassessment of Notions of Harm, Difference, and Choice. Case W. Res. L. Rev., 54, p.889. Robinson, G., 2015. Construction Law-Texas Supreme Court Shields Design Professionals from Economic Liability in Negligent Misrepresentation Suits. SMUL Rev., 68, p.299. Stein, S.G., 2016. Payment (Vol. 2). Construction Law. Uff, J., 2015. Construction law (pp. 63-76). London: Sweet Maxwell. Van Gerven, W., 2010. Of rights, remedies and procedures. Common Market L. Rev., 37, p.501. Wahab, A.B., 2015. Evaluation of fire management practices in selected restaurant buildings in Osogbo, Nigeria. Evaluation, 2(9). Watson, B.A., 2016. Fracking and Cracking: Strict Liability for Earthquake Damage Due to Wastewater Injection and Hydraulic Fracturing.

Being Hefty Essay Example

Being Hefty Essay Example Being Hefty Essay Being Hefty Essay We all start out equal; Little blobs of blood and muscle. It’s a setup for great potential. We eat, sleep, work, and repeat. Every day of our lives we do these things, but these every day tasks we do, are becoming easier. The world is changing. Everything is becoming simpler. We are moving from an industrial society into a technologically advanced industrial society. We no longer need people doing hard work. We can simply make machines that do the same work as a human can. A machine only needs someone typing commands into a computer for it to do its job, and a little oil here and there. The draw back to this is that People are getting fatter, less fit and more unhealthy everyday, and we know it. We go to a doctor wondering, why Am I getting fat? Why do I have high cholesterol? Why is my blood pressure through the roof? The answer is simple, we dont take care of ourselves anymore. We sit at work all day, Then come home and eat unhealthy food. So what do we do? We go to gyms. Experts believe that having regular physical activity can boost your self-esteem. Help you sleep better, and help make you look and feel better during the day. I can go to a doctors office right now and have him do a check up and he would tell me Im perfectly healthy. My blood pressure is good and my cholesterol levels are good. That is not the same for everyone though. Most people will go to a doctors office and theyre told that they are over weight. The food they are eating everyday is making their bodies sick. That they will more than likely have a heart attack by he age of 50 if they dont watch their diet and eat healthier. This is a sad fact about the society we live in, but this is true. Then again I do work in a labor intensive job. Where Im required to keep up a physical status and stay healthy. I go to the gym almost every day of the week and when I dont go I have at the least one hour of physical training in the morning to help stay in shape. Most people work in an office were they type reports all day or sit behind a desk pushing buttons so that machines can do all the heavy lifting. You tend to gain some weight if youre not careful. There will always be those people who just sit around and procrastinate about going to the gym. They will look for any reason not to go to the gym. This is being completely lazy and irresponsible not to take care of you body. If you dont like going to the gym, then go on a jog, or run outside on a nice day. Get an exercise DVD and actually use it for more than a paper weight. You dont have to become the next Arnold Schwarzenegger, just make sure youre at least staying healthy. I learned at a very young age that being obese wasnt an acceptable thing to be. I’d seen members of my family that were morbidly obese. They were hooked up to all kinds of machines that I had no idea what they were for and it scared me. I didnt want to end up like them. My parents didnt ever care if I was a little chubby. They did however not want me to become fat and unhealthy staying inside and play video games all day. They preferred me to be outside playing sports, hanging out with friends, or something that was active. Do you know that by living healthier and having regular physical fitness it can increase your life span? Yes, it can. It has been proven that by living healthy and working out, you can live a longer happier life. When you go to a gym it helps you relive stress and tension in your body. People handle stress in many ways. Some like to smoke cigarettes or go drinking and get wasted every night, Neither of which are very health for you. Others may like to go up into the mountains and shoot a rifle at cans and bottles. I enjoy going to the gym. If Im stressed out about something it usually means I’m angry about something that had happened during that day. It gives me a good outlet to relive all that anger built up throughout the day and take it out on the weights. Going climbing is a great stress reliever for me as well . It gives me a sense of achievement when I finish a difficult route. There is no better feeling then when I completed a route that Ive been working on for the past few days. Going to the gym can also help you get a better nights rest. During the day your body stores sugars and fats from all the food we eat during the day. If you go to bed without burning some of the sugars and other things you have accumulated during the day your body turns it into fat. Going to the gym burns that sugar and saturated fats and turns them into muscle and helps tire you out so you can go to bed at a decent hour and be well rested for the nest day. Eating unhealthy is a big reason some people cant get a good night rest. When youre going to the gym you want to eat healthier. If you eat a McDonalds Big Mac right before you go to the gym it makes you feel like crap. A Big Mac is full of simple sugars among many other thing that are not good for you. It doesnt help your body in any kind of way when you go to work out. If you eat a banana before a work out you feel energized. Bananas are full of potassium which helps you feel happy, they give you a good energy boost and help prevent cramps while you are exercising. Sometimes if you have high blood pressure you may think that going to the gym will raise it to dangerous levels. This is true but only for a short time. When you stop exercising your blood pressure will return to normal and the lower your blood presser returns to the more physically fit you become. Having daily physical exercise a great thing for you body. I know that I love going on runs and going to the gym now. It makes me feel better throughout the day, and I feel well rested in the mornings. I know that there are people out there that will always try to find a way to get out of going to the gym, but in the end it will bite them in the butt because they didnt want to spend an hour out of their day to stay healthy.

Free Essays on Avon

Avon Author: Flem Email: francy91@yahoo.com In over a hundred countries, Avon is a leader in beauty and a trusted name in direct selling. But that's only the beginning. More and more, you'll find Avon in kiosks and corner stores, in fashion and in fitness, on the web and on your wavelength. Avon is a world-famous brand, but the â€Å"Let’s Talk† campaign that launched in the year of 2000 in over 20 international markets is the company’s first global advertising effort that was created by Avon’s own advertising department. â€Å"Let’s Talk†, was designed to reflect Avon’s corporate mission to be â€Å"the company for women†. The mission of the campaign is to gather a global network, it’s system for dealing with international marketing is though sales brochures, web sites, sales incentives, sampling initiatives and cause-related programs, all apart of the marketing mix. As a result of â€Å"Let’s Talk†, a positive response was received. In the two largest markets, Brazil and Mexico, as well as Venezuela the outcome was not only promising but also profitable. Worldwide sales grew up to 15 percent and profiting over 13 percent. The number of active Avon sales representatives grew 10 percent. In Brazil along, sales grew 14 percent and profiting 17 percent in 2000. In Mexico, Avon sales grew 18 percent and there was an 8 percent increase in the number of sales representatives in the country. In Argentina, sales and operating profit declined, as expected, due to continuing economic weakness. In the Pacific region, sales declined 7% in dollar terms but increased 5% in local currencies. Units rose 8% and active Representatives were up 12% in the quarter, with most major markets showing increases. China, which utilizes innovative forms of retail selling, continued to deliver excellent sales and unit growth in the quarter. Operating profit in the Pacific region declined 4% in dollar terms, but increased 10% ex... Free Essays on Avon Free Essays on Avon Avon Author: Flem Email: francy91@yahoo.com In over a hundred countries, Avon is a leader in beauty and a trusted name in direct selling. But that's only the beginning. More and more, you'll find Avon in kiosks and corner stores, in fashion and in fitness, on the web and on your wavelength. Avon is a world-famous brand, but the â€Å"Let’s Talk† campaign that launched in the year of 2000 in over 20 international markets is the company’s first global advertising effort that was created by Avon’s own advertising department. â€Å"Let’s Talk†, was designed to reflect Avon’s corporate mission to be â€Å"the company for women†. The mission of the campaign is to gather a global network, it’s system for dealing with international marketing is though sales brochures, web sites, sales incentives, sampling initiatives and cause-related programs, all apart of the marketing mix. As a result of â€Å"Let’s Talk†, a positive response was received. In the two largest markets, Brazil and Mexico, as well as Venezuela the outcome was not only promising but also profitable. Worldwide sales grew up to 15 percent and profiting over 13 percent. The number of active Avon sales representatives grew 10 percent. In Brazil along, sales grew 14 percent and profiting 17 percent in 2000. In Mexico, Avon sales grew 18 percent and there was an 8 percent increase in the number of sales representatives in the country. In Argentina, sales and operating profit declined, as expected, due to continuing economic weakness. In the Pacific region, sales declined 7% in dollar terms but increased 5% in local currencies. Units rose 8% and active Representatives were up 12% in the quarter, with most major markets showing increases. China, which utilizes innovative forms of retail selling, continued to deliver excellent sales and unit growth in the quarter. Operating profit in the Pacific region declined 4% in dollar terms, but increased 10% ex...

Marketing communication (REPORT) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Marketing communication (REPORT) - Essay Example With the Nike + TV ad already running, the social media campaign should be more detailed with the content of the ad. The advertisement should be able to serve its purpose in the market by segmenting its territory and attracting new subscribers or clients. According to Funk (2013) the campaign should choose wisely the social media platforms that it will be run on. The consideration is also strategic since the aim of the campaign is to re energise the loyalty of the brand and also attract new clients. Capturing the attention of the readers and viewers dos not only include the perfect use of color, but it also has so much to deal with the choice of words used. Words that are captivating to the ear and capturing to the eye are almost always the simplest words that we use on our day to day conversations. More often than not, the target audience is normally the driving force towards determining an ad. In our case, Nike+ is a sports line that deals with all types of sporting equipment, balls and apparels. The target market here is definitely inclined towards sportsmen and sports enthusiasts. This however is still a very wide market that will also need to be segmented according to the content of the available product. The only way to attract interest is by association. Let the audience of the campaign feel associated with the campaign. With the term possibilities, let the campaign be designed such that it shows ability, determination, chance and finally possibility. After getting the attention of the viewer, the advertisement or campaign should be able to attract the viewer. This is only achievable by creating a level of interest up to the point where the viewer would like to know how he/she will benefit or gain from the item in front of them. Just do it-possibility is creating a new feeling, a feeling of much more in the field where someone has already accomplished. The campaign should therefore strategically place itself on a

Stage Two Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Stage Two - Assignment Example n stage, one of the projects a case study was conducted and it came to revelation that the information technology of the place should be improved in order to meet the objectives of the management. This paper will explain how a technology solution suggested in the case study in stage one will improve the process; come up with a specific technology solution and the effects of the technological solution to the business. The proposed system in which the restaurant will work is when the introduction of a new technological system will depend if the customer had made an earlier reservation order through the restaurants website or not. If the customer had made one, he will find his or her table reserved and a waiter waiting for the customer’s arrival. The customer will provide the order number, which he obtained from the website after making the reservation. The waiter will signal the number to the counter where it will be instantly transmitted to the kitchen monitor to ensure the order is ready. IF the customer had not made a reservation on the website he will undergo go almost the same process but instead of giving the order number to the waiter, the customer will make the order will the waiter note them down in the I- pad. The chosen process will work effectively with a good and reliable technology in because it will reduce the movement of the waiters going to the counter to present orders req uested by the customer. Furthermore, the process will be fast compared to the old process because within a minute the kitchen would have received an order of a certain customer. The Deli management should ensure each table has at most two I-pads in which the customer will use to make orders. The I-pads should contain software that would be easy to use for those who are computer illiterates and the level of speed in the I-pads should be high. The management should consider making the joint be a Wi-Fi hot spot. The hot spot may attract more customers who want to do their office

Control room Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Control room - Movie Review Example As they say, there are always two sides of the story, so it is important for me to listen not just to one opinion and make my own opinion based on that of one group’s point of view. I have always believed that the things I see on television are presented as they are but watching the film, I have come to realize that indeed, we are all humans after all so that even professionals bend their ethical views to favor there personal views. The media is expected to be objective at all times as they are supposed to present facts to the people and how they perceive the circumstances they are reporting about but as Joanne Tucker, the manager of AlJazeera.net said, objectivity is almost a mirage. One cannot really get away from taking sides especially in a case like the war in Iraq because it is a global issue that affects lives, not to mention the lives of civilians and most especially, the lives of innocent children. The video has shown that everyone has his or her own propaganda in suc h chaos. While we would all want peace and order, wars break out because of personal agendas of wanting to be the hero, wanting to be at the top and having all the power and fame. Presidents aim for peace and unity with another aim of being a part of a great cause which could be understandable because they are humans. The media have the same objectives as well, wanting to unite the people with the facts they present yet to some extent fail in their cause, and we understand that again because they are humans. What could probably most unacceptable is the fact that the ordinary person on the street, the innocent ones, the helpless mothers and children in their homes are the real victims, the pawns in this game called war. The video may have caused me to think more critically of the news I watch from now on but it will never change my perceptions on who are the true winners and losers in the issues of war. People fight their fellow people. Regardless of cultural backgrounds, we are all still human beings and have to act as one and not like animals killing each other. In wars, there can never be winners but that we are all losers. Millions of dollars are spent for wars and millions of people die in the course and there will always be rage in our hearts even if we continue to try to live in peace. If our money and strength would have been directed to the higher cause of fighting the war against poverty, then we would all be winners, making others live rather than killed. Whatever the truth is behind all the explanations of all the groups of people interviewed, the fact that wars are a losing end, will always remain true to me. Behind the politicians’ agenda to gain power, honor and fame, they are not winners. Behind the media people’s agenda of prospering their network and being recognized to be the best, gaining as much trophies as they can to parade in their offices, there is no honor found in it because behind all these, the victims are us. Who will speak for the child who spoke for the good of his people, endangering his life by being used as a pawn only to get to the conscience of those concerned? Would you not call that as a losing end as I view it? The video is a presentation of the sides of the people or groups of people i

Impact of Violence in Video Games

Impact of Violence in Video Games Introduction to the impact of violence in video games Purpose of violence in video games Purpose of dissertation Research question and hypothesis Methodology .. About. On Existing Information . Practical Approach History History: . Why Story is Important in Game: .. Case Study: .. Literature Review: .. Data Analysis Gaming Market Share . Stats of games released in recent 3 years: Introduction Contents Introduction to the impact of violence in video games Purpose of violence in video games Purpose of dissertation Research question and hypothesis Just like movies and other forms of media, video games have always been criticized as an influence to violent and aggressive behavior by news print media and public opinion. There has always been an argument about video games imparting graphic violence, partial or full nudity, portrayal of immoral behavior or other provoking and offensive material to a childs mind. Studies indicate that video games are one of the prime factors contributing to addiction and aggression. Yet numerous studies have found that video games dont contribute to these problems. Moreover, several groups have claimed that there are few if any methodically proven studies to support these reports, and that the video game industry has become an easy target for the media to be accountable for many contemporary problems. Also, many researchers have proposed possible positive effects of video games on parts of communal and mental development and psychological well-being. It has been presented that action video game players have far better hand and eye coordination and visual and motor skills, such as their resistance to distraction and their sensitivity to information in the outlying vision and also their ability to count briefly presented objects than non-players. Purpose of violence in video games I believe that today our media reflects us as a culture. Besides that it also helps form that culture in turn. Humanity embraces violence, as shown by thousands and thousands of years of history. We desire peace while formulating war. Its a very human contrast. Why, then, wouldnt our most popular pastime involve the same clash? We want innovation; nevertheless we still seek out the experiential violence that we hanker as a species. I also believe that its far better to allow ourselves to shoot each other online in simulated virtual worlds than do so in real life. As I have explored video gaming as a cultural occurrence, Ive found that every players experience of games is completely different. My own non-violent trends color my responsiveness of games that are explicit in their subjects of war and violence and cruelty. I am not stating that i dont see the significance in such games, particularly when taking  into account the existing modern culture. What has been an excellent instrument to exhibit how societies view and express themselves are written media, films and novels which expresses war, death , life and what it worth to be a human. I feel Video games are no different. They are reaching to a certain critical mass, in terms of technological ability and thematic scope that, I believe, will compete with the range and impact of film and books in a very short span of time. Hopefully, videogames mature into their full potential as a media and they begin to take on other themes and topics such as Love, and family, and working together in soc iety as much a part of being a human as war and violence. Problem Statement Purpose of Dissertation I am writing this dissertation to display how video games have matured, switching from the days of gentle  Pac-Man  clones to the gritty, sleazy underworlds of  Grand Theft Auto. Through this transformation, they have found critics and supporters. Though this may all seem recent, its a debate that has been boiling for years. Research Questions: What is the role of video games in the media world? With what can we evaluate the violence exposure and aggression? How is the attitude of viewers and players changing their values and behavior? What ways can help the field of gaming to be free of negative impact? Is there a significant evidence that exposure to media violence is a risk factor for aggressive and violent behavior? What is the conclusion of the issue of violence in relation to videogames? What effect does the violence in video games have on the users? What percentage of violence is accredited to video games? Methodology Contents About On Existing Information Practical Approach About This dissertations main object is to show the impact of violence in video games on todays culture and consumer preferences. The document will show both the negative and positive effects of violence in video games. On Existing Information It is made sure that all the information gathered through various electronic and traditional media are as current as possible. For this dissertation Ive used Google as my prime source material, while supplementing this thesis are various news websites like CNN.com, NYtimes.com and various relevant print media. Further more I would be researching books on video game violence and collect data from the already existing surveys and studies. Practical Approach My approach would be to show how violence in videogames shape the psychological behavior of the consumer and show what are the positive and negative effects of too much violence and graphic themes in modern day video games. I would be conducting various surveys and research on ground level, and based on most current controversial events that have occurred in the world of video games. Based on the demography of the recipient I would be taking some surveys that would have ask them their preferences and inclination towards graphic violence, nudity, gore etc.

The History of Computers :: Computers Technology Technological Essays

The History of Computers From primitive abaci to lab tops and calculators, the computer has evolved through time to become the essential part of our technocratic society. The development of the computer has shaped the way technology and science is viewed in different cultures around the world. The connotation of what a computer is nowadays brings to mind a monitor, keyboard, processor and its other electronic components; however, that is not how things have always been. From the Chinese using abaci to count, to the Druids' usage of stones to follow the seasonal changes, to the Europeans using Pascalines and calculators to work out mathematical problems the concept of the computer has been around for hundreds of years (Hoyle). Therefore, the history of computers is important to observe not only for the influence it brought to our culture, but the progress it has made through time. The history of modern computers has been influenced by the earlier advancement of primordial technology. The abacus developed in circa 500 B.C for example, used pebbles, rocks, beads, or shells to keep track of the counters numbers. Furthermore, "the abacus was man's first attempt at automating the counting process" (Hoyle). In addition, the Pascaline, invented and built by a French philosopher and mathematician Blaise Pascal, was the first mathematical adding machine (Long 54). The Pascaline was a gear-driven machine that allowed the user to calculate answers without doing arithmetic (Hoyle). In addition to the abacus and the Pascaline, Babbage's Folly, also known as the difference machine, "hastened the development of computers. [and] advanced the state of computational hardware" (Long 55). This engine, designed by the Cambridge professor Charles Babbage, could do any of the basic functions of mathematics: adding, subtracting, multiplying, and division in series at a "rate of 60 additions per minute" (55) could all be accomplished with minimal effort. All of these ideas and concepts helped pave the way for innovators to design what we now view as the modern-day computer. It took certain people to utilize these primitive forms of computing data to create real technologically advanced machines. Such a person, for example, was the professor Dr.

The process of preparing and delivering our team’s presentation

Abstract In any organizational or institutional setting, teamwork is usually instrumental in meeting departmental or organizational objectives. Even with the benefits that are associated with groups or teamwork, there are several challenges that may hinder attainment of the set objectives. This paper presents the process that was involved in the preparation and delivery of our group presentation. It discusses the stages of development that the group went through, highlighting the exercises that were undertaken at each stage. With reference to group motivation theory, it addresses the approaches that were used during the group exercise to motivate members to contribute towards the exercise. It has also presented the competencies that group members developed in the course of the group exercise. Introduction This paper provides an overview of the processes involved in the preparation and delivery of our team presentation. It relates the group work process to theories and literature on organizational behavioural theory that can be used to explain dynamics in group and teamwork. The main concepts to be covered in this paper include group and team development, motivation and learning at work. Group development is defined as the stages that groups undergo, from creation of the group to accomplishment of the assigned task (Bonebright, 2010). Motivation, which is a vital determinant of productivity, refers to the approaches used to trigger a desire in an individual to be more dedicated to the accomplishment of their tasks (Sachau, 2007). Learning at work, or team learning, is the attainment of skills by individuals in the course of the group task (Zellmer-Bruhn & Gibson, 2006).Group and Team DevelopmentThis are the stages through which undergo from assembling team members to attainment of the set objective. There are different models that can be used to describe the process or group development. One of the widely used models is Bruce Tuckman’s four-stage model formulated in 1965, which divides the development process into four stages. These are forming, storming, norming and performing (Egolf & Chester, 2013). Whereas some teams undergo all these stages in group development, some end at the norming stage, which was also the case with our team. This section relates the development of our group with reference to Tuckman’s four-stage model. According to Bonebright (2010), the forming stage involves creating an understanding of one’s team members. It is also characterized by the desire of individual team members to be accepted as part of the larger group (Hill & Parsons, 2014). In our team, this stage of group development involved activities that could enable us to work together and be more productive. Team members spent time interacting and knowing abou t each other so as to eliminate the tension that could prevent them from effectively working together. This stage also involved the appointment of the group leader, setting of ground rules and agreeing upon the meeting schedules. Conflicts were minimal at this stage, which can be attributed to the fact that challenges associated with teamwork had not yet arisen. The second stage in group development is storming. This is the stage where different ideas or opinions are presented by group members for consideration (Garfield & Dennis, 2012). It is highly likely for group members to present conflicting opinions, which also triggers rivalry and tension within the group. Whereas conflicts might be considered as being adverse towards attainment of the team’s objectives, constructive conflicts provide a chance for group members to select the appropriate options to pursue in addressing the task at hand (Fleishman et al., 2008; De Wit et al., 2012). This is the most critical stage in gr oup development, and issues have to be resolved before moving to the next stage (Egolf & Chester, 2013). Referring to the process of delivering our team’s presentation, some of the conflicts that arose included the theories to incorporate in the presentation or the sources to be used. For instance, I questioned why the group leader insisted on using books as our main sources, yet peer reviewed journals that were readily available in the college library database could also be used to compliment books. Other group members also questioned why they could not use any source they come across on the internet. However, these conflicts were minor and short lived. The third stage is of group developing is referred to as norming (Egolf & Chester, 2013). After the conflicts have been resolved in the storming stage, the effectiveness of the team begins to increase, trust among team members grows and the individual differences are appreciated (Garfield & Dennis, 2012). This was the final s tage of development for our group. For the functionality of the team, some group members stopped persisting with their ideas for the sake of avoiding conflict. There was also an increased cohesion among members, and as opposed to conflicting opinions that characterized the storming stage, team members showed support for each other, and provided constructive feedback for each others’ contribution to the team. The fourth stage of group development is referred to as productivity. According to Egolf and Chester (2013), not all groups progress to this stage. Our group did not get to this stage based on the fact that the task that was to be accomplished was short-term. In summary, the developments that took place in our group, as well as the issues that characterized them, closely relate to Tuckman’s four stage model (forming, storming norming and performance). The fact that the group exercise was short-term meant that the group development did not progress to the performanc e stage, but the objective of the team was met. Group Motivation Motivation in teamwork incorporates all the efforts that are made by team members to increase the cohesion and levels of productivity of the entire team (Wright et al., 2012). With reference to Hertzberg’s dual factor theory of motivation, there is a set of factors that increases the productivity of individuals in accomplishing their tasks. There is also another separate set of factors that cause dissatisfaction and thus, limit individual productivity (Sachau, 2007). This section addresses the approaches that were used to motivate group members. In group work, one of the motivation approaches is through ensuring effective communication among all people within the group (Dunin-Keplicz & Verbrugge, 2011). In group work, responsibilities are divided into smaller tasks and assigned to members depending on their competence. Given that all these sub-tasks contribute towards the attainment of the overall team objective, it is necessary for all team members to communicate about the pr ogress of their respective tasks. This will avoid situations where some members unknowingly derail, or fail to complete their tasks within the agreed upon time limits (Lencioni, 2012). During the preparation and delivery of our group presentation, we ensured that communication between us was effective. This was done by requesting all group members to provide their phone numbers and email addresses. We also followed each other on social media platforms. This ensured that if there was a breakdown in one communication channel, there was always another viable objective. When handling group tasks, it is vital to schedule regular meetings in consideration of the responsibilities of all group members. This ensures that every group member is available during the meeting (Dunin-Keplicz & Verbrugge, 2011). Regular meetings also allow for close consultations between group members in case some group members hit a snag in completing the tasks that they have been assigned (Lencioni, 2012). Most o f the members in our team were dedicated and never skipped meetings. Whereas there were team members who easily handled the tasks that they had been allocated, there are some who found it quite challenging to accomplish their tasks. We understood the fact that there are some people who are quicker than others in accomplishing their assigned tasks than others is common. Thus, instead of reprimanding them, we took to the initiative to ensure that group members who had a challenge in completing their tasks were assisted to complete them. Motivation in teamwork also entails making everybody feel like they valuable members (Hill & Parsons, 2014). For instance, if a decision is to be made about a project, the opinions of all group members have to be considered. This encourages constructive debates, which are vital for rational decision making. The group members’ motivation to deliver may be adversely affected if major decisions are only made by a section of the team, which may also lead to groupthink. Groupthink is a common phenomenon in teamwork where the fear of conflicts, or desire for group conformity and harmony, causes other group members to agree with decisions made by others. This is regardless of whether they are suitable or not (De Wit et al., 2012). During our group work, all members were allowed to actively engage in discussions and every opinion presented was listened to. Even though it was not possible to implement incorporate all members’ opinions in decision making, reasons why some opinions were considered over others was also clearly explained to all group members. Our team was culturally diverse, and included people from both genders. Therefore, tasks were distributed in consideration of this diversity. Different approaches were used to motivate group members. However, even with the efforts that were made to optimize the productivity of every group member, there were some individuals who failed to attend group meetings without good r easons. Regardless of these drawbacks, the rest of the team worked diligently to the completion of the project. Learning at Work Learning at work refers to the skills and competencies that members of a team learn as they collectively accomplish a task (Zellmer-Bruhn & Gibson, 2006). Typically, the abilities of each individual in the team will vary, with each being more competent in some areas, less competent in others In this regard team members learn from each other through sharing knowledge so as to compliment one another’s skills (Dunin-Keplicz & Verbrugge, 2011). This section discusses the process of team learning within the group during the exercise. Team members have to ensure that they have created strong relationships and trust amongst themselves to facilitate team learning. Failure to create a team environment that allows members to learn from one another may undermine the attainment of the overall team objective (Lencioni, 2012). Learning at work or team leaning can be made possible through observations, dialogue and reflection (Hill & Parsons, 2014). Team members should be willing to enable t hose who are not as competent as they are in certain aspects that are vital to the accomplishment of the team’s objective to improve. Likewise, team members who lack some competencies ought to take the initiative to learn through observation or asking for assistance (Zellmer-Bruhn & Gibson, 2006). One of the models that can be used to understand team leaning is the action-learning cycle (Coghlan & Rigg, 2012). Action learning is a continuous learning process, where individuals from their own experiences and actions, as well as those of other members of their team. Through their own experience, people learn to avoid repeating mistakes they did and continue to improve their competencies in certain disciplines. The action-learning cycle was designed to enable individuals to draw lessons from their experiences by making analytical reflections of their actions (Pedler & ?Abbott, 2013). This means that lessons from past experiences can guide present actions, while lessons learnt fr om the current experience can be used to guide future actions. In the course of the preparation and delivery of our group presentation, team members learnt from each other in different ways. Based on the relationship that had been developed between team members, dialogue was one of the most used approaches for team learning. Group members were willing to share information with others to improve each other’s levels of competence. For instance, one two of our team members were competent in using different data analysis approaches so as to come up with relevant conclusions on the research topic. In addition to this, while most of us were comfortable with the basic function of Microsoft Word, Excel and PowerPoint, one of the team members and I, were more competent with the more advanced options. Therefore, we spent some time during meetings learning from and teaching each other. Learning took different approaches, which included reflections and observations. Even though some of t he competencies that were learnt were not improved to the extent that perfection was attained, most of the group members had improved their skills in one aspect or other. I improved my confidence and public speaking skills through the mock presentations that were held by the group in preparation for the final presentation to a larger audience.. All team members also learnt several concepts that could enable them to be more productive members of teams in future. In summary, the group exercise was instrumental in developing some competencies that every group member lacked. As mentioned, different approaches were used in learning or teaching each other about different concepts that were challenging for different group members. Conclusion The capability of an individual to be a productive member of a team is one of the vital competencies that are required for success in any aspect of life. In the preparation and delivery of our group presentation, several characteristics of groups, which relate to organizational behavioural theory, were identified. This paper has presented an overview of the factors that characterized the team working process. One of these is the process through which the ram developed through the formation, storming and norming stages. Based on the fact that the group assignment was short-term, we did not get into the performance stage. The motivation factors that contributed towards the achievement of the overall team goal have also been presented in this paper. Ways in which different group members leant from each other to improve their competencies in several areas have also been addressed in this paper. Whereas the group task was successfully accomplished, some of the few drawbacks that affected the research have also been presented. References Bonebright, D.A., 2010. 40 years of storming: a historical review of Tuckman’s model of small group development. Human Resource Development International, 13(1), pp.111-20. Coghlan, D. & Rigg, C., 2012. Action learning as praxis in learning and changing. Research in Organizational Change and Development, 20, pp.59-89. De Wit, F.R.C., Greer, L.L. & Jehn, K.A., 2012. The Paradox of Intragroup Conflict. Journal of Applied Psychology, 97, pp.360-90. Dunin-Keplicz, B. & Verbrugge, R?., 2011. Teamwork in Multi-Agent Systems: A Formal Approach. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons. Egolf, D. & Chester, S., 2013. Forming Storming Norming Performing. Bloomington: IUniverse. Fleishman, R., O’Leary, R?. & Gerard, ?C., 2008. Recent Developments in Conflict Resolution and Collaboration. London: Emerald Group Publishing. Garfield, M.J. & Dennis, A.R., 2012. Toward an Integrated Model of Group Development: Disruption of Routines by Technology-Induced Change. Journal of Management Information Systems, 29(3), pp.43-86. Hill, F. & Parsons, L?., 2014. Teamwork in the Management of Emotional and Behavioural Difficulties. New Jersey: Routledge. Lencioni, P., 2012. The Five Dysfunctions of a Team: Intact Teams Participant Workbook. San Francisco: Pfeiffer. Miner, J.B., 2005. Organizational Behavior: Essential theories of motivation and leadership. New York: M.E. Sharpe. Pedler, M. & ?Abbott, C., 2013. Facilitating Action Learning: A Practitioner’S Guide. Berkshire: McGraw-Hill International. Sachau, D.A., 2007. Resurrecting the motivation-hygiene theory: Herzberg and the positive psychology movement. Human Resource Development Review, 6(4), pp.377-93. Wright, B.E., Moynihan, D.P. & Pandey, S.K., 2012. Pulling the Levers: Transformational Leadership, Public Service, Motivation, and Mission Valence. Public Administration Review, 72(2), p.206–215. Zellmer-Bruhn, M. & Gibson, C., 2006. Multinational organization context: Implications for team learning and performance. Academy of Management Journal, 49(3), pp.501-18.

Free Essays on Racial Discrimination During The 1920s

Racial and Ethnic Discrimination during the 1920's During the 1920’s, racial tensions in American society reached a boiling point. New non-protestant immigrants like Jews and Catholics had been arriving in huge masses from southeast Europe since the beginning of the century. Together, with Orientals, Mexicans, and the African-American population, these minorities suffered at the hands of those concerned with preserving the long established White Anglo-Saxon Protestant (W.A.S.P.) values that were an integral part of American life. Prejudice and racism reared its ugly head in many areas of society, with people showing a tolerance for racist views in the media, literature, and towards organizations like the Ku Klux Klan. Also, the language, living and working conditions, and Government legislations that ethnic minorities were subjected to is further evidence that the Twenties were an openly discriminatory decade. It was also during this period of grave hostility directed at ethnic groups that America’s ‘open door ’ attitude of â€Å"give me your tired, your poor†¦Ã¢â‚¬  officially became a part of its history. During the â€Å"Roaring Twenties†, anti-immigration organizations that had been founded in the 1900’s began to receive more support and became increasingly influential following the First World War. The Immigration Restriction League (I.R.L.) was one such group, which claimed to have scientific evidence that the new immigrants from southeast Europe were racially â€Å"inferior† and therefore posed a threat to the supremacy of the United States. They believed strongly in W.A.S.P. values and certainly did not wish to see them become polluted by other religions from minority groups. This Social-Darwinist belief was not just popular with the masses, but it’s appeal spread to people of considerable eminence. For example, the principals of important American universities like Harvard and Stanford were numbered among the I.... Free Essays on Racial Discrimination During The 1920's Free Essays on Racial Discrimination During The 1920's Racial and Ethnic Discrimination during the 1920's During the 1920’s, racial tensions in American society reached a boiling point. New non-protestant immigrants like Jews and Catholics had been arriving in huge masses from southeast Europe since the beginning of the century. Together, with Orientals, Mexicans, and the African-American population, these minorities suffered at the hands of those concerned with preserving the long established White Anglo-Saxon Protestant (W.A.S.P.) values that were an integral part of American life. Prejudice and racism reared its ugly head in many areas of society, with people showing a tolerance for racist views in the media, literature, and towards organizations like the Ku Klux Klan. Also, the language, living and working conditions, and Government legislations that ethnic minorities were subjected to is further evidence that the Twenties were an openly discriminatory decade. It was also during this period of grave hostility directed at ethnic groups that America’s ‘open door ’ attitude of â€Å"give me your tired, your poor†¦Ã¢â‚¬  officially became a part of its history. During the â€Å"Roaring Twenties†, anti-immigration organizations that had been founded in the 1900’s began to receive more support and became increasingly influential following the First World War. The Immigration Restriction League (I.R.L.) was one such group, which claimed to have scientific evidence that the new immigrants from southeast Europe were racially â€Å"inferior† and therefore posed a threat to the supremacy of the United States. They believed strongly in W.A.S.P. values and certainly did not wish to see them become polluted by other religions from minority groups. This Social-Darwinist belief was not just popular with the masses, but it’s appeal spread to people of considerable eminence. For example, the principals of important American universities like Harvard and Stanford were numbered among the I....

Callahan chronicals essays

Callahan chronicals essays After reading the Callahan Chronicals I have come to realize that there are many things to be learned in life. This book captured my attention by trying to figure out just what it is that Spider Robinson is trying to pass on to the reader. I have come to the conclusion that the author is trying to portray real life situations with a little twist to keep the reader interested. There is a lesson to be learned from each story. Each visitor that passes through Mike Callahan's bar is teaching the people who are already there a lesson and there is In the Centipede's Dilemma I learned that apperance really dosen't matter. Dink Fogerty led the whole bar to believe that he was incapable of even throwing a dart but then he, dispite his image, used telekinesis (mind over matter) to project the darts into the dartboard with tremendus accuracy. You cannot just sleep on your opponents in real life situations. You must look beyond your opponents apparent capabilities to be a contender in any game, espically the game of life. If you don't you will surely get stepped on throughout your life. If the people at Callahan's didn't catch on to Dink's attribute then he would have walked out of that place knowing that he screwed over the entire bar. I have learned to look for things like this now and will not get decieved eaisly in my lifetime. Fogerty wasn't all that bad though, any bird that can keep their glass filled with gin all the time would be a good companion for mostly anyone. Just Dessert was a good story on how people do not like to be made a fool of. This story's focus was on practical jokers. The message I received from this writing was that people don't like practical jokers even if their motifs are just for fun. You also must be careful because that joke can turn foul and hit you right back in the face. That is exactly what happened to the men who t...

350- to 700-word essay comparing the similarities and differences Term Paper

350- to 700-word essay comparing the similarities and differences between virtue theory, utilitarianism, and deontological ethics - Term Paper Example In order to understand these principles better and understand how they can apply to real-life situations it is best to discuss the strengths and weaknesses of each individually and then highlight their commonalities and differences. Utilitarianism focuses on the idea that what is morally or ethically right is the course that results in the best possible consequences or what creates the greatest happiness among the larger portion. After all human beings work off of a pleasure principle in their actions and behaviors. This perspective is often found among big decision makers whose behaviors and decisions affect many (Fahey, 2012). Therefore the greatest happiness on the largest scale is being considered, as opposed to the needs of an individual. For example when we are with a group of 5 friends and each want the group to participate in different activities, therefore each member makes their case and the majority activity is chosen. This will not make the whole group happy but it will make the majority happy. Deontologists are dedicated to the idea of actions that are ethical are a result of a sense of duty. There is a staunch strictness to this ethical viewpoint. An action is right as long as it remains in accord ance with preset ethical laws (Rainbow, 2002). A good example is what we see in modern court rooms today, sometimes the law is immutable and disallowing of exception, this takes no consideration of the larger groups concerns or the ethical concerns of the accused. The final ethical principle is virtue ethics, which adheres to the idea that a person’s individual character must be considered as exactly that individual. A prime example of this can be found in our own academic institutions. A friend forgets to properly site a source in his paper, which means he technically plagiarized. However, if you see that the other citations are accurate and this student has had no history of dishonest conduct,

Exam question Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Exam question - Essay Example In the depression period of 1930s, the economy in majority of the countries was down and cases of massive corruption were reported all over. Canada at this period became centralized in order to consolidate all its resources for easier distribution to everyone and it did this through social welfare system. The Canadians at this point were unemployed and the new government under the rule of Bennet came up with Dominion Unemployment Relief, a legislature meant to provide people with relief as a form of social welfare service (Ferguson 34). Social services like hospital care and insurance, old age services offering people work at minimal wages in relief camps were provided by the government in order to ensure everyone got the services despite the depression looming at this point and unemployment being the order of the day. After the Second World War, people lost their jobs and had nothing more to do until the Korean War. The government therefore as a way to sustain its people continued with the centralized government and also continued with the social welfare it had carried out during the depression period. The family allowance Act ensured that parents received monthly payments to take care of their children. The government had provided social welfare services to its citizens after the depression by giving them employment and this also took place after the Second World War. People still wanted the government to continue with the social welfare program after the Second World War, and this put pressure on the government to continue. Under the governance of Louis St. Laurent which is the one that experienced most of the social pressure, there was initiation of social welfare services like public housing, federal hospital grants and also assistance programs for the disabled in the society. Changes in the pension and old age security and where even the aboriginal people were offered cash benefits were also experienced. The private charities which were offering

History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 2

History - Essay Example The sudden and drastic increase in the number of industries provided women with another opportunity to demonstrate their independence (Women and Family History in America - The 19th Century). The result of this industrialization was an increase in the number of women employees in factories and industrial production units Women assumed new responsibilities in the teaching profession as well as in the industry. They were no longer confined to their homes and eagerly sought outside work. These factors encouraged women to be independent and to improve their self – esteem. Several new trade unions were formed, in order to address women’s difficulties at the work place, and many women became active members of these trade unions (Women and Family History in America - The 19th Century). However, many of these women were compelled to relinquish their jobs after marriage and to take care of their family and children. Nevertheless, some of them, continued in outside employment even after marriage. Moreover, many women with a heightened sense of morality had established women’s associations to help women whose condition was miserable. These associations assisted distressed women in several ways, promoted religious ideals, attempted to eradicate prostitution and poverty, and sought to enhance self – esteem (Women and Family History in America - The 19th Century). These associations conducted rallies to pressurize the government to improve conditions in prisons, asylums and hospitals. These movements culminated in the subsequent movement to procure women’s suffrage under the leadership of Susan B. Anthony and Lucretia Mott. The nineteenth century witnessed two major movements, namely female suffrage and labor (Women and Family History in America - The 19th Century). The 19th Century Industrial Revolution drastically changed the economy and life of the people.

North Korea Essay Example for Free

North Korea Essay Institutions and businesses require legal documents to describe the securities they offer to both the participants and buyers. This legal document is referred to as a prospectus which normally contains promotional and informational materials. This means that the prospectus is a formal legal document that gives the details of cooperation and may also include the facts about a company which are vital to the perceived investors. In this paper we will focus on the development of a prospect us in North Korea. We will first focus on the promotional and informational materials relevant to the investors, traders, foreign government’s tourists and the general public. We will then highlight the country’s (North Korea) assets, attractions, and economy trends. Investors North Korea encourages international foreign direct investment. This is done through the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK). The DPRK encourages export and manufacturing which is controlled by state organized companies. These state organized trading companies are actually responsible for the distribution of goods onto the local market. Food and fuel are most vital need the country requires. At present, the country is still suffering due to food shortages. This implies that one can bring in back up generators and fuel since all imports of fuel, food or materials should be kept operational and they are also duty free(Flake Snyder 36). Investors should also note that there are no minimum levels of investment required. This means that negotiation, agreement of a feasibility report and provision with a committee which is a branch of the Ministry of Foreign. Trade is what one requires to accomplish. It has also been discovered that most of the foreign investors tend to process operations, handle imported materials and even add value then re-export the goods with some domestic sales through the trading companies. This is because they are capitalizing on the lower labour costs, proper dedication to the work as well as the low tax situation. Traders The trading pattern of North Korea reflects the nature of its local economy. The country is well known for the availability of raw materials namely iron ore, non ferrous metals as well as minerals. However, North Korea suffers from inadequate capital stock, crude oil and sophisticated technology. Most businesses in DPRK are controlled by the government. This is done through state trading companies and businesses of by Armed Forces since they are usually having a marked business interest hence involved in almost everything. The outside companies do develop project which can bring revenue (Cornell 64). These projects may include running hotels, restaurants and even bars. When people travel to big cities, they will stay in these foreign hotels or restaurants and pay very high prices. Therefore, foreign companies can bring luxury goods for instance liquor, cosmetics and other items such as American goods for use in the stores. Although we have put a stress on the goods having an impact on the visitors, they are also utilized by the local population and the number may increase in future. Traders should also realize that a private business such as fruit seller and other intra village trade is usually overlooked. If these small businesses are properly tapped and nurtured, they are likely to develop to the real businesses. As traders, we need at this point to ask ourselves what the North Koreans need? Clearly, on a large scale, everything is needed but only lots of micro opportunities are needed on small scale. For instance, second hand Japanese and America automobiles form China have been imported. Again, we note that consumer goods in small packs such as chocolates, cookies peanuts and even almonds are needed. This demand may increase in future due to the expected political change. Industries North Korea’s priories the development of agricultural and light industries. This policy is made possible by the fact that the preferential allocation of the investment funds by the state to the heavy industry. A substancial economy entirely depends on the quantity of the extraction of its main mineral resources. These mineral resources are mainly used as fuels, raw materials in the industry, metal processing and export (Hughes 74). North Korea wholly depends on coal as its main energy source since it lacks reserves of oil or gas. However, the production of coal has not been able to adequately rising demands and hence the persistent shortage of energy in the country. Tourist Attraction North Korea has much to offer tourists. These include the beautiful nature of the Miohang Mountains; Museums of Pyongyang, parks and monuments; the socialist society that preserves its own way of living the old heritage as well as the traditional of Korean culture. It is therefore important to realize the excellent tourist opportunities available in this rapidly developing country. The beautiful monuments such as palace of culture, national ark (which encloses the Diamond Mountains) and the ancient buildings form good scenery that attracts tourists. However, it is worth nothing that the main demerit in the tourist industry is the difficult in gaining entry to North Korea which is a closed country. Turning on the climate, it is established that North Korea has a moderate climate with four distinct seasons. These include the hotter summer season which also comprises of the monsoon season which runs form July to August; although quite sever in the northern parts of the country, the winter is generally chilly. The autumn and spring are usually considered as the best time to visit since the weather is dry and mild. The outstanding site of the country lies on the border with China which displays an enormous extinct volcano. This unique beautiful natural landmark is taken to be a sacred site to both North Koreans and South Koreans. This is because they believe that this site was where the son of the Lord of Heaven descended and established the first Korean Kingdom. Local traveling (inside North Korea) is strictly controlled by the government. Although some domestic flights are scheduled, they are only provided to foreigners. Again, trains do serve the major tourist destination but tickets are usually arranged through a tour operator since the timetables are not usually published. Buses are rare in the county and therefore the only way a tourist will get around to see the various sceneries is by oar. This implies that the tourist(s) will have to be in the accompaniment of an official driver and a guide. It is only unfortunate that one may not choose his or her accommodation while in North Korea. This means that the foreigner must stay in the specified tourist hotel since this is a strict rule of the country. The hotels are of reasonable standards although they come in four types; deluxe, first class, second and third classes. The tour operators usually organize accommodation for the tourists and therefore the visitors are not given a choice. In North Korea (even in Pyongyang) the healthcare standards are markedly lower than West Europe. This implies that all invasive procedures need to be prevented and especially ones travel insurance should be sufficient to cover any costs. For instance cholera is a risk in the country and therefore vaccination prior to travel is a must. Polio and Typhoid vaccinations should be considered. Again, it is vital to consider all water as a possible health risk and this means only bottled water is recommended for both washing and consumption. Tap water should only be used if it is boiled or properly sterilized. All dirty products should be avoided and if one has to eat meat then it should be thoroughly cooked. This will ensure that as a tourist, one stay healthy in North Korea. Infrastructure The domestic network of rail roads in North Korea operates on the axes of the Kaesung – Sariwon – Pyongyang – Shinuiju line along the West coast, the wonisan – Haungnam – Chongi in –Rajin line along the east coast, and the Pyongyang – Wonsan line linking the east and west. North Korea has also six lines linking with China and a line with Russia and this forms the international network of railroads. Currently, only four lines are in operation. These include the Shinuifu – Tandong (China) line, the Tumen River – Hassan (Russia) line, the Namyang – Tumen (China) line and the Manpo – jian (china). In North Korea, roads do play a secondary role in joining major harbors and railroads stations or even by places. However, roads also serve as major means of transportation where there marine and railroad transport is unavailable. Transportation of bulk cargo between regions faces a lot of difficult due to the mountainous terrain as well as the country’s industrial structure. This has been made more difficult due to the government’s transportation. This is because the government wants to control the people’s free movements as well as the use of oil. Also, trunk roads have been well constructed along the railroads. Economy Korea had once has timber resources. In the North conservation and reforestation programs assisted in the curbing of the impact of excessive cutting that was evident during the Japanese occupation. As mentioned earlier, North Korea has a great mineral wealth, which includes gold, iron ore, coal tungsten and graphite modern mining methods has therefore been instituted in the country. The minerals and metals therefore account for a substancial portion of the country’s export revenue. North Korea is specifically rich in iron and coal and other minerals such as copper, lead, zinc uranium, manganese, Gold and Silver which are of high economic value. The country comprises of the mountainous and rocky terrain which makes the Koreans land arable. This means that rice is the chief crop. We note that before dividing Korea, the colder and less fertile north primarily depended upon the South for food. This meant that Agricultural self – sufficient became the key focus of North Korean government and mechanized methods has to be introduced. However, North Korea has still suffered severe good shortages. In North Korea, livestock plays a minor role in agriculture because of the unsuitable for large-scale grazing. North Korea has drastically changed from a mainly agricultural society to an industrial one due to the availability of mineral resources as well as hydropower. This implies that majority of the national products is currently derived form mining and manufacturing. However, development in the North Korea has been impeded by the rigid economic system as well as the loss of trading partners after the collapse of the communist world. The government has again instituted a chain of economic reforms which are aimed at reviving the economy. As stated earlier, the major North Korea products include iron, steel, machinery, military products; textiles (synthetics, wool, cotton silk); and even chemicals. Industrialization of North Korea has been accompanied by improved infrastructure. We note that by the end of the Korean War, the railroad and paved highways were almost non-existent. The railroads have therefore been extensively reconstructed to pave way for industrialization. The Military economy in North Korea gives an unusually large share of national output. This means that the planners or designers have primarily focused on the heavy industry. North Korea is therefore a substantially urban economy therefore a giant portion of its total output comes form the cities. The urban assets in North Korea are therefore accepted to form the key component of DPRK national wealth. When importing raw materials and then processing them to produce products such as shoes or even soap, one should be aware of the process through which the products will be supplied to North Korea. This implies that a proper supply process should be known. If for instance, North Korea wishes to provide with less processed raw and intermediate materials, then such provisions should be available. This means that technical cooperation is very vital and this should be known by investors, traders, foreign governments, tourists, and even the general public. Again, to utilize the supplied materials adequately, production abilities plus technical levels need to be enhanced. The economic collapse in North Korea has led to the biggest crisis ever since the country was founded. However, North Korea authorities have held strong claims that natural disasters are responsible for the deteriorated economy. The rapid decline in foreign aid might have even worsened the economic development (An 95). This means that all of the sectors no longer function properly. Shortages of foreign exchange food, energy, daily necessities and raw materials seem to be a permanent problem in North Korea. A detailed analysis of the economic and living conditions in North Korea points out that most of citizens currently depend on the farmers’ markets and any other market transactions for basic needs. This may be one of the reasons as to why the authorities in North Korea have been unable to execute a detailed economic planning and hence weakening the country’s socialist planning system (Scalapino Lee 20). This economic difficulty in the country automatically limits its policy options. This point out that North Korea needs foreign assistance to remedy its current economic difficulties. The North Korea government has therefore recognized that it is becoming increasingly difficult to maintain its policy of self-reliance and thus changed towards foreign investment. However, prospect for the North Korean economy seem to remain clouded by much uncertainty. The future prospects of the North Korean economy may be shaped through South Korean policy towards North Korea, the North’s intention to open and reform its ailing economy and the response of the United State and Japan. North Korea is currently showing an increasing tendency to embrace diplomatic relations with non –socialist countries a move some consider to be due to its need for foreign assistance. Promotion of foreign investment into its domestic market and an increase in North Korea’s exports could also boost the falling level of the foreign reserves. This implies that North Korea continues to become dependent on foreign assistance and trade (Lee Yoo 73). North Korea’s economic activities have remained under state control. This means collective agriculture and state –owned companied account for the majority of all economic activities. Apart from the political changes in China and Russia which adversely affected much of the financial support form these countries, floods and famine also led to serious disruption of the industrial structure (Suh Lee 33). North Korea’s coastline has a mixture of warm and cold ocean currents. It also has many rivers, lakes and streams hence the development of fisheries. Therefore, the major fishing grounds are in the coastal areas. Most large-scale storage and canning facilities are also located on the east coast. Smaller fishery cooperatives are also located along both coasts in traditional fishing centers besides the fisheries station. These aquaculture and fresh water fishing entirely takes place on regular cooperative farms. Modernization of fishing industry is necessary for North Korea to expand marine products. The government has therefore called for introduction of modern fishing implements and rationalizing the fishery labor system. This will also involve the expansion and modernization of the cold – storage and processing facilities in order to facilitate faster processing of catches. However, the slow progress in state investment and shortage of oil are the limiting factors in the marine output.